Naive realism

Naïve realism is a cognitive bias where individuals believe that they perceive the world objectively and that others who perceive it differently are uninformed, irrational, or biased. This bias leads to the assumption that one’s own interpretation of reality is the accurate one, while differing perspectives are flawed.

How it works

Naïve realism operates on the premise that personal perceptions are veridical, or truthfully representative of the world. However, since perceptions are inherently subjective and influenced by personal experiences, emotions, and cognitive processes, naïve realism can result in misunderstanding or conflict when engaging with others who have differing viewpoints.

Examples

• In political debates, individuals may assume that their political viewpoints are based on rational and objective assessments of facts, whereas those of opposing parties are seen as irrational or driven by ulterior motives.
• In a workplace meeting, an employee might believe their view on a project strategy is the most sensible, while dismissing alternative strategies as uninformed or lacking insight.

Consequences

This bias can lead to polarization, ineffective communication, and conflicts. When individuals fail to recognize their own biases and shortcomings in how they perceive information, it can hinder collaboration and mutual understanding, especially in social, political, and organizational contexts.

Counteracting

To counteract naïve realism, individuals can practice intellectual humility, seek diverse perspectives, and actively engage in self-reflection to recognize the subjective nature of their perceptions. Additionally, fostering environments where different viewpoints are encouraged and respected can mitigate the impact of this bias.

Critiques

Critiques of naïve realism suggest that acknowledging this bias can lead to a relativistic view where all perspectives are seen as equally valid, potentially undermining the pursuit of truth. Critics also argue that it oversimplifies the complexity of human perception and interaction.

Fields of Impact

Also known as

Relevant Research

• Naive realism in everyday life: Implications for social conflict and misunderstanding. In T. Brown, E. Reed, & E

  Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1996)

  Turiel (Eds.), Values and knowledge

• Objectivity in the Eye of the Beholder: Divergent Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others

  Pronin, E., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2004)

  Psychological Review