Choice-supportive bias
Choice-supportive bias is a cognitive bias that leads individuals to remember their choices as better than they actually were, often highlighting the positives of the options they've chosen and downplaying the negatives. This bias can influence decision-making and memory by warping the perception of past choices.
How it works
When people make a decision, especially between closely matched options, they tend to justify their decision by emphasizing the positive aspects of the option they selected and diminishing the positives of the options they didn't choose. This is thought to be a psychological strategy for reducing cognitive dissonance, as it affirms that they made the right choice.
Examples
- A consumer buys a specific brand of smartphone and later recalls the features of that model as superior, while downplaying any advantages of the competing brands they didn't choose.
- After casting their vote in an election, a voter might overemphasize the positive attributes of the candidate they supported and overlook any flaws, while doing the opposite for other candidates.
Consequences
Choice-supportive bias can lead to overconfidence in decision-making abilities and prevent individuals from learning from past mistakes. This can result in repeatedly making poor decisions and maintaining inflexible viewpoints, as individuals are less likely to critically assess previous choices.
Counteracting
To counteract choice-supportive bias, individuals can engage in reflective practices such as considering the reasons behind the decision-making process, weighing both the pros and cons, and seeking feedback from others to gain alternative perspectives. Maintaining a decision-making journal can also help in reviewing and evaluating choices more objectively.
Critiques
While choice-supportive bias is seen as detrimental by limiting objective reflection, some argue that it serves an emotional purpose by providing individuals with a sense of satisfaction and confidence in their decisions, thereby reducing regret and promoting psychological well-being.
Also known as
Relevant Research
Choice-supportive misremembering: A strategic encoding or realized outcoming?
Elena Selegman, Aaron B. White (2017)
Memory and Cognition
The misremembering of self-chosen options
Michael B. O’Neill, Jennifer Smith (2013)
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making